Rapid diagnosis of diabetes based on ResNet and Raman spectroscopy

Diabetes mellitus is a global public health problem, and the epidemic situation in China is particularly serious. The prevalence of the disease has been increasing in recent years, and the number of patients is the highest in the world. Diabetes has become another chronic non-communicable disease that seriously endangers the health of our people after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumors. In this study, urine sample data were collected from 37 diabetic patients and 37 healthy volunteers using Raman spectroscopy. The collected data were preprocessed using an adaptive iterative reweighted penalized least squares (airPLS) algorithm and a polynomial Savitzky-Golay smoothing algorithm. After extracting features using principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction algorithm, ResNet, support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classification models were selected to classify and identify diabetic patients and healthy controls. The results show that ResNet has the best discrimination effect, and the average accuracy, recall and F1-score can reach 84.28%, 86.20% and 84.02% respectively after five cross-validations, and the area under the subject working characteristic (ROC) curve is 0.93. The experimental results show that the model established in this paper is simple to operate, highly accurate and has good reference value for rapid screening of diabetes.     

慢性应激诱导DPP-4表达及对脂肪炎症和代谢的影响

目的　分析慢性应激诱导脂肪二肽基肽酶-4（DPP-4）表达及对脂肪炎症和糖代谢的影响。 方法　雄性SPF级小鼠20只随机分慢性应激（Stress）组和正常对照（Control）组。Stress组小鼠每天在自制式束缚器中限制活动2 h，实验持续14 d。采用免疫组化方法检测巨噬细胞表面标志物（CD11b）在脂肪中的表达，实时定量PCR法检测脂肪组织中DPP-4、细胞因子（Adiponectin、MCP-1、IL-6、TNF-α）及糖代谢（IRS-1、GLUT-4）等指标的mRNA的相对表达量；ELISA法检测DPP-4酶活性及GLP-1浓度。 结果　Stress小鼠腹部白色脂肪组织（WAT）与Control组相比显著的退缩及其重量显著降低（P<0.001）。Stress组WAT出现大量的单核细胞、中性粒细胞浸润反应和炎症性改变；Stress显著降低Adiponectin的表达，并显著增高MCP-1、IL-6、TNF-α的mRNA表达及其血液中的浓度（P<0.001）；Stress组WAT组织中DPP-4 mRNA表达及其血液中的活性显著增高，而GLP-1血液中的浓度显著降低（P<0.001）；Stress组WAT组织中IRS-1及GLUT-4的mRNA水平显著低于Control组（P<0.001）。 结论　慢性应激诱导脂肪DPP-4异常表达，进而引起脂肪炎症和糖代谢异常等反应。     

乳腺癌缺氧诱导因子-1α、Ki-67表达与超声声像特征的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中的缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、Ki-67蛋白的表达与超声声像特征的关系。方法对110例乳腺癌患者进行超声检查,观察患者的毛刺征、肿块形态、钙化灶形态和血流显像分级等。取110例乳腺癌患者的乳腺癌组织,免疫组化法检测HIF-1α、Ki-67蛋白的阳性表达率。分析不同超声声像特征乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α、Ki-67蛋白的表达情况。结果110例乳腺癌患者中,43例既存在Ki-67蛋白阳性表达又存在HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达,35例仅存在Ki-67蛋白阳性表达,13例仅存在HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达,Ki-67、HIF-1α蛋白阴性表达患者共19例。乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中Ki-67蛋白的阳性表达率为70.91%(78/110),HIF-1α蛋白的阳性表达率为50.91%(56/110)。不同肿块形态、钙化灶形态、血流显像分级乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中Ki-67蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。不同血流显像分级乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α的表达可能与血流显像分级有关,Ki-67的表达可能与肿块形态、钙化灶形态及血流显像分级有关。     

骶四针疗法配合盆底肌锻炼对产后压力性尿失禁患者盆底功能及性生活质量的影响

目的探讨骶四针疗法配合盆底肌锻炼对产后压力性尿失禁患者盆底功能及性生活质量的影响。方法选取2017年5月至2020年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的98例产后压力性尿失禁患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各49例。两组均接受常规护理,对照组在常规护理的基础上给予盆底肌锻炼,研究组在对照组的基础上给予骶四针疗法,比较两组的临床疗效?1 h漏尿量?盆底肌力恢复情况及性生活情况。结果治疗后,研究组总有效率为91.84%,明显高于对照组的69.39%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后两组1 h漏尿量减少,且研究组1 h漏尿量少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组盆底肌力分级均升高,且研究组盆底肌力分级高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组性生活质量高水平比率为38.78%,高于对照组的20.41%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论骶四针疗法配合盆底肌锻炼用于产后压力性尿失禁患者,能改善患者的漏尿情况,提高其盆底肌力及性生活质量,临床疗效较好。     

基于雨课堂的临床流行病学教学改革与实践

目的探讨雨课堂在临床流行病学教学中的作用和效果。方法采用随机对照法在本科阶段无流行病学学习经历的临床专业硕士研究生中,使用雨课堂线上课前预习及课后随堂练习的功能,用于评价雨课堂线上功能的辅助教学效果。结果应用雨课堂线上功能干预组与对照组在基线、阶段小测和末考卷面成绩均无统计学差异;但对于主动学习,雨课堂参与度较高的学生成绩提高明显。结论雨课堂有利于理论性较强课程的学习,但是仍不能忽略课堂教学师生互动过程。     

Proteomic analysis of Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis for identification of virulence factor using bioinformatics approachs

The genus Brucella includes several genetically monomorphic species but with different phenotypic and virulence characteristics. In this study, proteins of two Brucella species, B. melitensis type strain 16 M and B. ovis REO198 were compared by proteomics approach, in order to explain the phenotypic and pathophysiological differences among Brucella species and correlate them with virulence factors.Protein extracts from the two Brucella species were separated by SDS-PAGE and 5 areas, which resulted qualitatively and quantitatively different, were analyzed by nLC-MS/MS.A total of 880 proteins (274 proteins of B. melitensis and 606 proteins of B. ovis) were identified; their functional and structural features were analyzed by bioinformatics tools. Four unique peptides belonging to 3 proteins for B. ovis and 10 peptides derived from 7 proteins for B. melitensis were chosen for the high amount of predicted B-cell epitopes exposed to the solvent. Among these proteins, outer-membrane immunogenic protein (N8LTS7) and 25 kDa outer-membrane immunogenic protein (Q45321), respectively of B. ovis and B. melitensis, could be interesting candidates for improving diagnostics tests and vaccines.Moreover, 8 and 13 outer and periplasmic non homologue proteins of B. ovis and B. melitensis were identified to screen the phenotypic differences between the two Brucella strains. These proteins will be used to unravel pathogenesis and ameliorate current diagnostic assays.     

回顾性分析颅内肿瘤患者术后感染危险因素

目的:了解神经外科颅内肿瘤切除患者术后相关感染（HAI）的发生情况及其危险因素，为制定干预措施提供理论依据。方法:收集 2017 年1月至2018年12月1 049例颅脑手术患者的临床资料，根据术后是否发生颅内感染将患者分为感染组 91例和非感染组958例。对两组患者进行临床资料的单因素和多因素logistic回归分析。结果:颅内肿瘤患者术后医院感染率为8.67%。两组在年龄、性别、职业、文化程度、民族、药物过敏、切口等级等方面比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），麻醉方式、手术等级、转科情况、住院天数和住院费用两方面比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；经过logistic多因素回归分析显示麻醉方式、住院天数是颅内肿瘤手术患者术后医院感染的独立危险因素，其OR及95％CI分别为5.173（2.738～9.774）、1.132（1.079～1.189）。结论:颅脑手术患者中HAI发生率较高，应根据危险因素采取有效预防和控制措施，以降低HAI的发生率。     

Association between celiac disease and vitiligo: A review of the literature

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune intestinal disease caused by the intake of gluten-containing cereals and their products by individuals with genetic susceptibility genes. Vitiligo is a commonly acquired depigmentation of the skin; its clinical manifestation are skin patches caused by localized or generalized melanin deficiency. Both diseases have similar global incidence rates (approximately 1%) and are associated to similar diseases, including autoimmune bullous disease, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, autoimmune gastritis, and type 1 diabetes. The relationship between CD and vitiligo has been reported in several studies, but their conclusions are inconsistent. Further, it has also been reported that a gluten-free diet (GFD) can improve the symptoms of immune-related skin diseases such as vitiligo. In this mini-review, we summarize and review the literature on the relationship between CD and vitiligo, assess the therapeutic significance of GFD for patients with vitiligo, and explore their possible physiopathology. We are hopeful that the information summarized here will assist physicians who treat patients with CD or vitiligo, thereby improving the prognosis.     

3D打印Dry Lab模型在腹腔镜胃底折叠手术教学中的应用

3D打印模型的腹腔镜下手术培训寻是一种新颖、教学成本低、效果好的教学方法，一定程度上弥补传统教育和实践操作教育之间的不足。利用3D抗反流手术模型在腹腔镜下完成胃底折叠手术学习曲线，对于外科医师手术技术的提高将有极大的帮助，同时也可以弥补由于手术量不足及患者个体解剖变异所带来的手术难度及风险的提升，有利于规避患者术中和术后并发症的发生，为手术规范化标准化提供保证。